This Nature Reviews Drug Discovery paper describes the need for an "open data culture" to spur drug discovery in neuroscience. In some ways private industry is ahead of academia here, with pharma companies increasingly being content to just call some data "precompetitive".
The following "open data" projects are mentioned. None of them has any data available for download, which is sad considering these were the best examples the authors could come up with of open data in neuroscience.
- The Biomarkers Consortium somehow facilitates public–private collaborations on biomarker discovery. No data available.
- Accelerating Medicines Partnership is running multi-year pilots in Alzheimer, T2D and RA/lupus with 10 pharmas. No data available
- Human Connectome Project mapped connections in 1200 volunteers' brains. Data are available but you have to apply for some reason I don't understand: there's no sensitive data here.
- Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has lots of data (including genomic) on 800 patients including Alzheimer cases and controls. Data are available but you have to apply.